Valoración de disparadores de consulta para optimizar la oportunidad de acceso a los cuidados paliativos en la UCI / Assessment of consultation triggers to optimize the opportunity to access palliative care in the ICU / Avaliação dos critérios de elegibilidade para otimizar a oportunidade de acesso aos cuidados paliativos na UTI

Resumen: Introducción: los cuidados paliativos (CP) son un marcador de calidad de asistencia en terapia intensiva; sin embargo, han sido poco evaluados en Uruguay. La detección proactiva de pacientes mediante disparadores de consultas es una estrategia que podría optimizar el acceso a los CP. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia y las características de los disparadores de consulta de CP en pacientes críticos. Analizar la utilización de recursos en estos pacientes. Material y método: estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo, que incluyó pacientes ingresados a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) entre marzo de 2016 y febrero de 2019. Los disparadores analizados fueron: a) presencia de tumor con metástasis; b) estadía en UCI 50% por encima de la media (14 días); c) >75 años con disfunción orgánica múltiple, y d) >80 años con dos o más comorbilidades graves. Resultados: se analizaron 2.850 pacientes. El 26% (734) presentó al menos un disparador de consulta con CP. El más prevalente: estadía en UCI 50% por encima de la media (18%). Estos pacientes presentaron mayor edad: 61 (43-75) vs 54 (36-65) años (p < 0,001) y mayor gravedad, SAPSIII de 60 (48-74) vs 47 (35-61) puntos (p<0,001). Requirieron más asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) 87% vs 55% (p <0,001), vasopresores 48% vs 24% (p< 0,001) y hemodiálisis 8% vs 4% (p<0,001). Presentaron mayor estadía 18 (9-27) vs 4 (2-8) días, (p<0,001) y tiempo en ARM 14 (7-23) vs 3 (1- 6) días (p<0,001). Conclusiones: la cuarta parte de los pacientes en UCI activaron al menos un criterio de CP, presentaron mayor gravedad y utilizaron más sostén de soporte vital.

Summary: Introduction: palliative care (PC) constitutes a marker of the quality of intensive care assistance. However, it has not been thoroughly assessed in Uruguay. Proactive detection of patients by means of "consultation triggers" should be considered a strategy to optimize access to PC. Objetives: to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Palliative Care consultation triggers in critical patients. To analyse the use of resources in these patients. Method: retrospective cohort study of patients admitted in the ICU between March 2016 and February 2019. The following triggers were identified: a) a tumor with metastasis; length of stay at the ICU 50% over the average (14 days), c) >75 years old with multiple organic dysfunction and d) >80 years old with 2 or more severe comorbidities Results: 2.850 patients were analysed. 26% (734) presented at least one consultation trigger with PC. Length of stay at the ICU 50% over average (18%). These patients presented higher average age 61 (43-75) versus 54 (36-65) years old (p < 0.001), and increased severity, SAPSIII of 60 (48-74) compared to 47 (35-61) points (p<0.001); 87% required mechanical ventilation compared to 55% (p <0.001), vasopressors 48% compared to 24% (p< 0.001) and hemodialysis 8% compared to 4% (p<0.001). 18 presented a longer stay (9-27) compared to 4 (2-8) days, (p<0.001) and time on mechanical ventilation 14 (7-23) compared to 3 (1- 6) days (p<0.001). Conclusions: 25 percent of patients in the ICU activated at least one criterion for PC, they were in a more severe condition and used more mechanical ventilation.

Resumo: Introdução: os cuidados paliativos (CP) são um marcador de qualidade da atenção em Terapia Intensiva, porém, pouco avaliados no Uruguai. A detecção proativa de pacientes usando "gatilhos de consulta" é uma estratégia que pode otimizar o acesso aos CP. Metas: determinar a prevalência e as características dos critérios de elegibilidade de CP em pacientes críticos. Analisar o uso de recursos nesses pacientes. Materiais e métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes internados na UTI entre março de 2016 e fevereiro de 2019. Os critérios analisados foram: a) presença de tumor com metástase, b) permanência na UTI 50% acima da média (14 dias), c ) >75 anos com disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e d) >80 anos com 2 ou mais comorbidades graves. Resultados: 2.850 pacientes foram analisados. 26% (734) apresentaram pelo menos 1 critério de elegibilidade para CP. O mais prevalente foi a permanecia na UTI 50% superior à média (18%). Esses pacientes tinham mais de 61 anos (43-75) vs 54 (36-65) anos (p <0,001) e condições mais graves, SAPSIII de 60 (48-74) vs 47 (35-61) pontos (p <0,001). Necessitaram mais ventilação mecânica assistida (AVM) 87% vs 55% (p <0,001), vasopressores 48% vs 24% (p <0,001) e hemodiálise 8% vs 4% (p <0,001). Tiveram uma permanência mais prolongada 18 (9-27) vs 4 (2-8) dias, (p <0,001) e tempo em AVM 14 (7-23) vs 3 (1-6) dias (p <0,001). Conclusões: um quarto dos pacientes internados na UTI ativou pelo menos um critério de elegibilidade para CP, apresentou maior gravidade e utilizou mais suporte vital.

Experiencia de reconversión de un servicio clínico anestésico-quirúrgico en unidad de pacientes críticos COVID-19 en un hospital universitario / Experience of transforming a clinical surgical-anesthetic unit into a COVID-19 critical patient one in a teaching hospital

INTRODUCTION: The experience of restructuring a clinical surgical-anesthetic unit into a critical patient unit in charge of surgical- anesthetic personnel is presented during the period from May to July 2020 in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. OBJECTIVES: Describe the unit's restructuring process, considering technical aspects, changes in staff functions, clinical outcomes of the patients, quality indicators obtained and the psychological impact on the healthcare team. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: The strategies implemented by the responsible experts were described (ie: engineering). Clinical data were obtained from an insti- tutional database and electronical medical records. The management of human resources was described using administrative records of the services of anesthesiology, OR and critical patient unit. The psychological impact on the unit staff was evaluated by applying the Maslach questionnaire. The quality of the clinical management of the unit was obtained from the compilation of standardized quality indicators for the critical patient units of the institution. RESULTS: 25 patients were admitted in the unit. The mean age was 62 ± 12 years. About the complications, 52% had pulmonary embolism, 36% had acute kidney injury, and 1 patient died. The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 73.6%. The occurrence of adverse events was minimal. DISCUSSION: The transformation of an anesthetic-surgical unit into a COVID critical patient one, demands a complex net of coordinated strategies to allow facing the attention demand with positive clinical results, at the expense of the health care team mental health.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se presenta la experiencia de reconversión de una unidad de cuidados posanestésicos a una unidad de cuidados intensivos a cargo de personal anestésico-quirúrgico entre mayo y julio de 2020, en contexto de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. OBJETIVOS: Describir el proceso de reconversión considerando aspectos técnicos, pertinentes al recurso humano, resultados clínicos, indicadores de calidad e impacto psicológico en el equipo de salud. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se describen las estrategias implementadas por los expertos responsables. Se obtienen datos clínicos desde base de datos institucional y ficha clínica electrónica. Se describe la gestión del recurso humano utilizando registros administrativos de los servicios involucrados. El impacto psicológico en el personal fue evaluado aplicando el cuestionario de Maslach. La calidad de la gestión clínica se obtiene a partir de indicadores de calidad estandarizados para las unidades de pacientes críticos de nuestro establecimiento. RESULTADOS: Se atendieron 25 pacientes en la unidad. La edad promedio fue 62 ± 12 años. El 52% presentó tromboembolismo pulmonar, 36% injuria renal aguda como complicación. Un paciente falleció. La prevalencia de síndrome de Burnout fue de 73,6%. La ocurrencia de eventos adversos fue baja. CONCLUSIONESConclusiones: La reconversión de una unidad anestésico-quirúrgica a una unidad crítica COVID-19, demanda un complejo entramado de estrategias coordinadas que permiten responder a la demanda de atención con resultados clínicos positivos, a expensas del costo de la salud mental del equipo de salud involucrado.

Practical Considerations for Converting Operating Rooms and Post-anaesthesia Care Units into Intensive Care Units in the COVID-19 Pandemic - Experience from a Large Singapore Tertiary Hospital

COVID-19 has spread globally, infecting and killing millions of people worldwide. The use of operating rooms (ORs) and the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) for intensive care is part of surge response planning. We aim to describe and discuss some of the practical considerations involved in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Firstly, considerations for setting up a level III intensive care unit (ICU) include that of space, staff, supplies and standards. Secondly, oxygen supply of the entire hospital is a major determinant of the number of ventilators it can support, including those on non-invasive forms of oxygen therapy. Thirdly, air flows due to positive pressure systems within the OR complex need to be addressed. In addition, due to the worldwide shortage of ICU ventilators, the US Food and Drug Administration has granted temporary approval for the use of anaesthesia gas machines for patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Lastly, planning of logistics and staff deployment needs to be carefully considered during a crisis. Although OR and PACU are not designed for long-term care of critically ill patients, they may be adapted for ICU use with careful planning in the current pandemic.

Modificaciones en las prácticas de los kinesiólogos de cuidados Críticos durante y después de la Pandemia COVID-19 en Chile: protocolo de una Encuesta Nacional / Modifications in Critical Care Physiotherapists Practices during and after COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile: Study Protocol of a National Survey

ANTECEDENTES: El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) como pandemia, cuyos casos y gravedad en Chile han sido elevados. Internacionalmente, los profesionales de la salud han debido adaptar sus actividades laborales hacia pacientes mecánicamente ventilados por agravamiento de los síntomas respiratorios. La terapia respiratoria y terapia física que realizan los kinesiólogos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) es fundamental, y existe la urgencia por agrupar datos nacionales que permitan describir la situación y así prepararse para futuros aumentos de la carga asistencial en UCI. OBJETIVO: Describir las modificaciones institucionales, laborales y asistenciales, experimentadas por kinesiólogos que se desempeñan en UCI durante y después de la pandemia COVID-19 en Chile. MÉTODOS: Este es el protocolo de un estudio observacional analítico transversal, el cual recopilará información desde el inicio hasta un año iniciada la pandemia. Se incluirán todas las UCI adulto existentes y las creadas por contingencia COVID-19. Se excluirán aquellas que no hayan recibido pacientes en UCI con COVID-19 confirmado. Se aplicará una encuesta online (REDCap®) al kinesiólogo representante de cada centro, la cual recopilará la información anonimizada principalmente a través de selección múltiple y escala Likert. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Se espera identificar un alto porcentaje de modificaciones institucionales en las UCI de Chile, y kinesiólogos que se vieron en la necesidad decambiar sus condiciones laborales y asistenciales durante la pandemia, en comparación al período pre-pandemia;cambios que en un menor porcentaje se mantuvieron en el tiempo.

BACKGROUND: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic, whose cases and severity in Chile have been high. Worldwide, health staffs have adapted their working activities focusing mainly on mechanically ventilated patients due to respiratory decline. Respiratory therapy and physical therapy by physiotherapists in the intensive care unit (ICU) are essential, and national data needs to be collected to describe the pandemic-related context to prepare for future increases in the ICU demand. OBJECTIVE: To describe the institutional, workforce and healthcare modifications experienced by the ICU physiotherapists during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. METHODS: This is the protocol of a cross-sectional study, which will collect information from the beginning to 1 year after the pandemic begins. All existing adult ICUs and those ICUs created during the pandemic will be included. Those who have not received ICU patients with confirmed COVID-19 will be excluded. An online survey will be applied to the physiotherapists representing each ICU, which will collect the anonymous information mainly through multiple selection-choice and Likert scale.EXPECTED RESULTS: We will be expected to identify a high percentage of institutional modifications in the ICUs in Chile, and that the physiotherapists would need of changing their working and healthcare conditions during the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period; changes that in a smaller percentage would be maintained over time.

Handover communication in intensive therapy: nursing team meanings and practices / Comunicación en el proceso de cambio de turno (handover) en cuidados intensivos: sentidos y prácticas del equipo de enfermería / Comunicação no handover na terapia intensiva: sentidos e práticas da equipe de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the meanings built by the nursing team regarding communication at shift handover in intensive care units. Method: A qualitative study, grounded on the theoretical framework of Berlo, was developed in the intensive care unit of a hospital in Rio de Janeiro with the nursing team participating in the handover process or working with patient care. Observation and interviews were conducted, with a thorough description of the data and thematic content analysis. Results: There is acknowledgment of the meaning of handover in nursing care, which is expressed in behaviors aimed at avoiding inefficacy or the incorrect perception of communication; on the other hand, there is little participation of nursing technicians, with side talks, lack of attention and incomplete information, which compromises their effectiveness. Conclusion: Professionals should understand their role in the communication process by playing it with active participation to reduce handover noises.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los sentidos elaborados por el equipo de enfermería sobre la comunicación en el handover de la transferencia de turnos en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: Estudio cualitativo fundamentado en el marco teórico de Berlo, desarrollado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital de Rio de Janeiro con el equipo participante del handover y/o actuante en la asistencia al paciente. Se realizó una observación y entrevistas, con descripción detallada de datos y análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: A la vez que se reconoce la importancia del handover para la atención de enfermería, expresado en comportamientos que buscan evitar la ineficiencia o la percepción errónea de la comunicación, también se registra poca participación de los auxiliares de enfermería, con conversaciones paralelas, desatención e información incompleta, lo que compromete su efectividad. Conclusión: Los profesionales deben comprender su rol en el proceso de la comunicación, desempeñándolo con participación activa para reducir las interferencias en el handover.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os sentidos construídos pela equipe de enfermagem sobre a comunicação no handover na transferência de turnos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: Estudo qualitativo alicerçado no suporte teórico de Berlo, desenvolvido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital do Rio de Janeiro com a equipe de enfermagem participante do handover e/ou atuante na assistência ao paciente. Realizou-se observação e entrevistas, com descrição densa dos dados e análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: Ao tempo em que há o sentido de reconhecimento da importância do handover para o cuidado de enfermagem, expresso em comportamentos que buscam evitar a ineficiência ou percepção errônea da comunicação, por outro lado, há pouca participação dos técnicos de enfermagem, com conversas paralelas, desatenção e informações incompletas, comprometendo a sua efetividade. Conclusão: Os profissionais devem compreender o seu papel no processo de comunicação, desempenhando-o com participação ativa para reduzir os ruídos no handover.

A atuação da Odontologia em unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil / The practice of dentistry in intensive care units in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a atuação odontológica em unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo observacional de enquete, por meio do envio de questionários via plataforma on-line de colaboração de pesquisa em terapia intensiva no Brasil (AMIBnet). A pesquisa foi realizada de junho a outubro de 2017. Os questionários, envolvendo 26 questões fechadas sobre os hospitais e a atuação odontológica nas unidades de terapia intensiva foram enviados para 4.569 profissionais de diversas especialidades atuantes nas unidades. Resultados: Obtivemos 203 questionários respondidos, resultando em uma taxa de resposta de 4,44%. A maior parte das respostas teve origem em unidades de terapia intensiva na Região Sudeste do país (46,8%). Hospitais públicos (37,9%) e privados (36,4%) tiveram participação semelhante nos resultados. Dos respondentes, 55% apontaram que um serviço de Odontologia à beira de leito estava presente, sendo prestado de maneiras diversas. Conclusão: Presença de Serviço de Odontologia e de treinamentos e protocolos de prestação de serviço em saúde bucal estiveram correlacionados. Os métodos de cuidados orais variaram sobremaneira entre as em unidades de terapia intensiva pesquisadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the practice of dentistry in intensive care units. Methods: An observational survey study was conducted in which questionnaires were sent via the online platform for collaboration in intensive care research in Brazil (AMIBnet). The study was carried out from June to October 2017. The questionnaires, which contained 26 closed questions about hospitals and dentistry practices in the intensive care units, were sent to 4,569 professionals from different specialties practicing in the units. Results: In total, 203 questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 4.44%. Most of the responses were from intensive care units in the Southeast region of the country (46.8%). Public hospitals (37.9%) and private hospitals (36.4%) had similar participation rates. Of the respondents, 55% indicated that a bedside dentistry service was present, and they were provided in different ways. Conclusion: The presence of dentistry services and oral health service delivery training and protocols were correlated. The oral care methods varied greatly among the intensive care units surveyed.

Organização dos cuidados de reabilitação nas unidades de cuidados intensivos portuguesas / Organization of rehabilitation care in Portuguese intensive care units

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os diferentes modelos de prestação de cuidados de reabilitação em prática nas unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos portuguesas. Métodos: Estudo observacional simples (transversal), realizado por meio de inquérito on-line enviado aos enfermeiros-chefes ou responsáveis das 58 unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos que integram a base de dados da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cuidados Intensivos. Resultados: Foram identificados três modelos de organização dos cuidados de reabilitação: cuidados prestados pela equipe da unidade de cuidados intensivos (22,9%), cuidados prestados por equipes externas especializadas (25,0%), um misto dos modelos anteriores, conjugando as duas situações (52,1%). No primeiro modelo, os cuidados eram prestados essencialmente por enfermeiros com especialização em reabilitação e, no segundo, por fisioterapeutas. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os modelos no que diz respeito à disponibilidade de cuidados, em horas/dia ou dias/semana (p = 0,268 e 0,994 respetivamente), ou a resultados como tempo de internamento em cuidados intensivos, tempo de ventilação ou taxa de mortalidade na unidade (p = 0,418, 0.923 e 0,240 respetivamente). Conclusão: A organização dos cuidados de reabilitação nas unidades de cuidados intensivos portuguesas é singular e heterogênea. Apesar dos diferentes modelos de organização de cuidados, a disponibilidade de horas de cuidados é semelhante, bem como os resultados gerais observados nos doentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the different rehabilitation care models in practice in Portuguese adult intensive care units. Methods: A simple observational (cross-sectional) study was conducted through an online survey sent to the head nurses or individuals responsible for the 58 adult intensive care units that are part of the database of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Cuidados Intensivos. Results: We identified three models of organization of rehabilitation care: care provided by the staff of the intensive care unit (22.9%), care provided by specialized external teams (25.0%), and a mixture of the previous models, combining the two situations (52.1%). In the first model, the care was provided mainly by nurses with specialization in rehabilitation and, in the second model, the care was provided by physiotherapists. No significant differences were found between the models regarding the availability of care, in hours/day or days/week (p = 0.268 and 0.994, respectively), or results such as length of hospital stay in intensive care, ventilation time, or mortality rate in the unit (p = 0.418, 0.923, and 0.240, respectively). Conclusion: The organization of rehabilitation care in Portuguese intensive care units is unique and heterogeneous. Despite different care organization models, the availability of hours of care is similar, as are the overall results observed in patients.

Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de necesidades de familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en unidades críticas, versión abreviada / Psychometric properties of the questionnaire for needs of family members of patients hospitalized in critical units, abbreviated version

RESUMEN El ingreso de una persona a una Unidad de Paciente Crítico genera efectos en su círculo familiar más cercano, siendo el acceso a la información y trato empático algunas de las necesidades de los familiares de los pacientes hospitalizados. El Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI), versión breve, permite evaluar la satisfacción de necesidades de los familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en estas unidades y se considera una herramienta útil para obtener una visión de este grupo. Objetivo: Describir la adaptación cultural y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del CCFNI, versión breve, en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena, Temuco, Chile. Material y método: Diseño de corte transversal. Se realizó la adaptación cultural del instrumento y luego se aplicó a 77 familiares, posterior a la firma del consentimiento informado. Se determinó validez de constructo y confiabilidad del instrumento. Resultados: Fueron excluidos los ítems 11 y 14. El análisis factorial exploratorio evidenció cuatro componentes cuyos alfa de Cronbach fueron 0,7; 0,7; 0,6 y 0,3. Conclusión: La traducción y adaptación realizada debe continuar su estudio psicométrico incorporando un número mayor de familiares de pacientes hospitalizados para confirmar la ex clusión de los ítems y comprobar su estructura multidimensional. Este instrumento constituye una herramienta para valorar las necesidades de familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en Unidades Críticas.

ABSTRACT The admission of a patient to the Intensive Care Unit has an effect on its inner family circle, the access to information and an empathic treatment being some of the needs of the relatives of the patient in this unit. The short version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) allows to evaluate the satisfaction of those needs by the relatives of the patients in this units and it is considered a useful tool to obtain an overview of this group. Objective: To describe the cultural adaptations and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short version of the CCFNI in hospitalized patients' relatives in Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena's Hospital, Temuco, Chile. Method: This research uses a cross-sectional survey design. The tool was first culturally adapted and then applied to 77 relatives during the time span of five months, after a written consent was provided. Validity of the construct and reliability of the tool are determined. Results: Items 11 and 14 were excluded. The exploratory factorial analysis showed four components whose Alphas of Cronbach were 0.7; 0.7; 0.6 and 0.3. Conclusion: The translation and adapted version applied must continue its psychometric study incorporating a bigger number of relatives of hospitalized patients to confirm the exclusion of items and to check its multidimensional structure. This instrument is a tool to value the needs of relatives of patients hospitalized in Critical Units.

Dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem referente à promoção do autocuidado em unidade de terapia semi-intensiva pediátrica / Sizing of nursing staff associated with self-care promotion in a pediatric semi-intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivos: Calcular e comparar o dimensionamento de pessoal no que diz respeito à promoção do autocuidado em unidade de terapia semi-intensiva pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, do qual participaram 31 crianças e seus respectivos cuidadores. Os participantes foram avaliados em dois momentos (primeira e segunda internação) quanto à carga de trabalho de enfermagem, por meio do Nursing Activities Score. A primeira internação correspondeu à promoção do autocuidado. O dimensionamento de pessoal foi calculado segundo as horas do Nursing Activities Score e a resolução do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN) 527/16, nas duas internações, e estes dados foram posteriormente comparados. Resultados: A carga de trabalho de enfermagem na primeira internação (14,6 horas) foi maior em comparação à segunda (9,9 horas) (p < 0,001). O dimensionamento de pessoal segundo as horas, de acordo com o Nursing Activities Score, foi de 26 e 18 profissionais, e de 15 profissionais, conforme a resolução do COFEN 527/16. Conclusão: O quantitativo de profissionais referente à promoção do autocuidado em unidade de terapia semi-intensiva pediátrica, segundo as horas do Nursing Activities Score, foi superior ao recomendado pela legislação existente, demonstrando a necessidade de se reconsiderar o dimensionamento de pessoal neste perfil assistencial.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To calculate and compare the nursing staff size associated with self-care promotion at a pediatric semi-intensive care unit. Methods: This was a prospective study in which 31 children and their caregivers participated. The nursing workload associated with each participant was evaluated at two different times (first and second hospital stays) using the Nursing Activities Score instrument. The first hospital stay corresponded to self-care promotion. Staff size was calculated according to the nursing hours recommended by the Nursing Activities Score instrument and by Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (COFEN) resolution no. 527/16, in the two hospital stays, and the results were compared. Results: The nursing workload in the first hospital stay (14.6 hours) was higher than the nursing workload in the second stay (9.9 hours) (p < 0.001). The Nursing Activities Score revealed that according to the nursing hours, the nursing staff size corresponded to 26 and 18 professionals in the first and second hospital stays, respectively, and to 15 professionals according to COFEN resolution no. 527/16. Conclusion: The number of personnel responsible for promoting self-care in pediatric semi-intensive care units, according to the nursing hours suggested by the Nursing Activities Score, was higher than that recommended by the existing legislation. This demonstrates the necessity of reconsidering staff size for this healthcare profile.

Evaluación de calidad de los registros de enfermería en el sector de terapia intensiva en el Hospital San Vicente de Paul de Villa del Rosario

Esta investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, observacional y longitudinal, en el cual se planteó como objetivo general: “Analizar la calidad de los registros de enfermería en el sector de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital San Vicente de Paul. La población estuvo conformada por 237 historias clínicas en su totalidad, correspondiente: al primer semestre de enero a junio, 116 y al segundo semestre de julio a diciembre, 121 historias clínicas, de pacientes internados en el servicio. Se implementó como instrumento una grilla de cotejo que permitió a través de la observación directa de los registros de enfermería evaluar la calidad, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos asistenciales, éticos, legales, desarrollo profesional y el cumplimiento del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE). En el 1º semestre se observan registros incompletos en sus cuatro aspectos, la falta de diagnóstico de enfermería y la implementación en forma incompleta del proceso de atención de enfermería (P.A.E). En el 2º semestre se observan registros de enfermería más completos y mayor uso del P.A.E. Al comparar los hallazgos de los registros de enfermería en 1º y 2º semestres se puede concluir que, en el 2º semestre los mismos son más completos en cuanto sus cuatro aspectos y en la implementación del proceso de atención de enfermería.

This research was descriptive, observational and longitudinal type, in which he was raised as a general goal: "To analyze the quality of nursing records in the field of Intensive Care Hospital San Vicente de Paul. The population consisted of 237 medical records in full, relevant: the first half of January to June, 116 and the second half of July to December, 121 medical records of patients admitted to the service. It was implemented as a grid of matching instrument that allowed through direct observation of nursing records to evaluate the quality, taking into account the welfare, ethical, legal, professional development and enforcement of the Nursing Care Process (SAP). In the 1st semester incomplete records in its four aspects are observed, lack of nursing diagnosis and implementation process incompletely nursing care (PAE) In the 2nd semester nursing records more complete and greater use of PAE observed When comparing the findings of nursing records in 1st and 2nd semesters one can conclude that in the 2nd half thereof they are more complete as four aspects and the implementation of the process of nursing care.

Critical Care In Korea: Present and Future

Critical (or intensive) care medicine (CCM) is a branch of medicine concerned with the care of patients with potentially reversible life-threatening conditions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that adequate staffing is of crucial importance for patient outcome. Adequate staffing also showed favorable cost-effectiveness in terms of ICU stay, decreased use of resources, and lower re-admission rates. The current status of CCM of our contry is not comparable to that of advanced countries. The global pandemic episodes in the past decade showed that our society is not well prepared for severe illnesses or mass casualty. To improve CCM in Korea, reimbursement of the government must be amended such that referral hospitals can hire sufficient number of qualified intensivists and nurses. For the government to address these urgent issues, public awareness of the role of CCM is also required.

Aplicação de escores para estimar carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica / Use of scores to calculate the nursing workload in a pediatric intensive care unit

Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho do Nursing Activities Score na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, comparar os resultados do tempo de atividades de enfermagem obtidos com esse escore com o tempo obtido pelo o Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, e associar tais índices à gravidade, morbidade e mortalidade. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo observacional e analítico realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica geral do tipo III. A amostra foi constituída por todas as crianças com idade entre 29 dias e 12 anos completos, que foram hospitalizadas na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica no período entre agosto de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. Resultados: Estudaram-se 545 admissões com 2.951 observações. O valor médio para todas as observações do Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System foi de 28,79±10,37 pontos (915±330 minutos) e do Nursing Activities Score foi de 55,67±11,82 pontos (802±161 minutos). Os minutos obtidos a partir da conversão do escore Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System foram superiores aos obtidos com a conversão da pontuação do Nursing Activities Score em todas as observações (p<0,001). Os dois índices apresentaram uma correlação significante, direta, positiva e moderada, com R=0,564. Conclusões: Observaram-se boa concordância entre os índices e boa capacidade de discriminação para mortalidade, com melhor ponto de corte de 16 horas/paciente de trabalho de enfermagem por dia. .

Objective: To assess the performance of the Nursing Activities Score in a pediatric intensive care unit, compare its scores expressed as time spent on nursing activities to the corresponding ones calculated using the Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System, and correlate the results obtained by both instruments with severity, morbidity and mortality. Methods: Prospective, observational, and analytical cohort study conducted at a type III general pediatric intensive care unit. The study participants were all the children aged 29 days to 12 years admitted to the investigated pediatric intensive care unit from August 2008 to February 2009. Results: A total of 545 patients were studied, which corresponded to 2,951 assessments. The average score of the Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System was 28.79±10.37 (915±330 minutes), and that of the Nursing Activities Score was 55.6±11.82 (802±161 minutes). The number of minutes that resulted from the conversion of the Simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score was higher compared to that resulting from the Nursing Activities Score for all the assessments (p<0.001). The correlation between the instruments was significant, direct, positive, and moderate (R=0.564). Conclusions: The agreement between the investigated instruments was satisfactory, and both instruments also exhibited satisfactory discrimination of mortality; for that purpose, the best cutoff point was 16 nursing hours/patient day. .

Current Status of Intensive Care Units Registered as Critical Care Subspecialty Training Hospitals in Korea

There is a lack of information on critical care in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of Korean intensive care units (ICUs), focusing on the organization, characteristics of admitted patients, and nurse and physician staffing. Critical care specialists in charge of all 105 critical care specialty training hospitals nationwide completed a questionnaire survey. Among the ICUs, 56.4% were located in or near the capital city. Only 38 ICUs (17.3%) had intensive care specialists with a 5-day work week. The average daytime nurse-to-patient ratio was 1:2.7. Elderly people > or = 65 yr of age comprised 53% of the adult patients. The most common reasons for admission to adult ICUs were respiratory insufficiency and postoperative management. Nurse and physician staffing was insufficient for the appropriate critical care in many ICUs. Staffing was worse in areas outside the capital city. Much effort, including enhanced reimbursement of critical care costs, must be made to improve the quality of critical care at the national level.

Atuação do time de resposta rápida em hospital universitário no atendimento de código amarelo / The performance of a rapid response team in the management of code yellow events at a university hospital

OBJETIVO: Descrever dados epidemiológicos de eventos de instabilidade clínica em pacientes atendidos pelo time de resposta rápida e identificar fatores prognósticos. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal, realizado de janeiro a junho de 2010, com população adulta internada em ambiente hospitalar. Os dados coletados sobre o atendimento do código amarelo foram critérios de instabilidade clínica, terapia medicamentosa e não medicamentosa, orientações e procedimentos. Os desfechos avaliados foram necessidade de admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva e mortalidade hospitalar. O nível de significância utilizado foi de p=0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 150 códigos amarelos que ocorreram com 104 pacientes. Os motivos mais frequentes estiveram relacionados à insuficiência respiratória aguda, apresentando hipóxia ou alteração da frequência respiratória, e preocupação da equipe com o estado clínico do paciente. Houve necessidade de solicitação de transferência para unidade de terapia intensiva em 80/150 (53,3%) ocasiões. Foi necessária a realização de 42 procedimentos, sendo os mais frequentes a intubação orotraqueal e a inserção de cateter venoso central. Os pacientes graves que aguardavam leito de unidade de terapia intensiva apresentaram maior chance de morte, comparados aos demais pacientes (hazard ratio: 3,12; IC95%: 1,80-5,40; p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Existem pacientes graves que necessitam de tratamento intensivo especializado nos leitos comuns de enfermarias dos hospitais. Os eventos que mais levaram ao acionamento do código amarelo estiveram relacionados a suporte respiratório e hemodinâmico. As intervenções realizadas caracterizam a necessidade do médico na equipe. A situação de demanda reprimida está associada à maior mortalidade.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological data of the clinical instability events in patients attended to by the rapid response team and to identify prognostic factors. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study, performed from January to July 2010, with an adult inpatient population in a hospital environment. The data collected regarding the code yellow service included the criteria of the clinical instability, the drug and non-drug therapies administered and the activities and procedures performed. The outcomes evaluated were the need for intensive care unit admission and the hospital mortality rates. A level of p=0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: A total of 150 code yellow events that occurred in 104 patients were evaluated. The most common causes were related to acute respiratory insufficiency with hypoxia or a change in the respiratory rate and a concern of the team about the patient's clinical condition. It was necessary to request a transfer to the intensive care unit in 80 of the 150 cases (53.3%). It was necessary to perform 42 procedures. The most frequent procedures were orotracheal intubation and the insertion of a central venous catheter. The patients who were in critical condition and had to wait for an intensive care unit bed had a higher risk of death compared to the other patients (hazard ratio: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.80-5.40; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are patients in critical condition that require expert intensive care in the regular ward unit hospital beds. The events that most frequently led to the code yellow activation were related to hemodynamic and respiratory support. The interventions performed indicate the need for a physician on the team. The situation of pent-up demand is associated with a higher mortality rate.